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  • 變?nèi)~木的栽培管理發(fā)布時間:2010-04-12

    變?nèi)~木屬于熱帶植物,因此要給予其充足的光照和保持一定的溫度。冬季應不低于15℃,較好在20℃以上。 變?nèi)~木栽培較為簡單,廣東、福建等地露地栽植作綠籬,北方盆栽于每年5月上旬出室.出室前進行換盆、換土。出室后放陽光充足處培養(yǎng)。生長季節(jié)(4~9月)應給予其充足的水分。除定期澆水外,還應向葉面噴水,有利增加空氣濕度,保持枝葉清新鮮艷。冬天應用溫水澆灌,同時減少水量。其他季節(jié)保持中等水量即可,切忌出現(xiàn)盆土干燥的現(xiàn)象。如果室內(nèi)空氣較干燥,可將植株置于玻璃景箱中培養(yǎng),還可使用小型加濕器。經(jīng)常用海綿蘸溫水擦拭葉面亦能增加觀賞效果。幼苗每20天左右施中量肥一次,老株較好每7~10天施肥一次。生長期的施肥不可忽視,也可采用長效片肥。夏季生長量大時需多施氮肥,在溫度低于15℃以下可不施肥。變?nèi)~木忌寒冷,冬季室溫如在6℃以下,極易發(fā)生凍害。盡量避免溫度劇變,夏季置于通風良好處,保持恒定的溫度。每兩年翻盆換土一次,盆土用普通草炭土加1/4松針土為好,如再加少量細碎的粘土更有利于根系生長。花盆應選用排水良好的泥瓦盆。變?nèi)~木易受介殼蟲、紅蜘蛛等害蟲危害,可噴40%氧化樂果1000--1500倍液防治。根據(jù)變?nèi)~木的葉形變化,園藝品種可分為廣葉系、飛葉系、長葉系、有角系等。目前一般栽培的絕大部分是由雜交育種而成的園藝品種,約有120個品種。有下列幾種變型:長葉變?nèi)~木、復葉變?nèi)~木、角葉變?nèi)~木、螺旋葉變?nèi)~木、戟葉變?nèi)~木、闊葉變?nèi)~木、細葉變?nèi)~木。 (記者 佚名) 變?nèi)~木屬于熱帶植物,因此要給予其充足的光照和保持一定的溫度。冬季應不低于15℃,較好在20℃以上。 變?nèi)~木栽培較為簡單,廣東、福建等地露地栽植作綠籬,北方盆栽于每年5月上旬出室.出室前進行換盆、換土。出室后放陽光充足處培養(yǎng)。生長季節(jié)(4~9月)應給予其充足的水分。除定期澆水外,還應向葉面噴水,有利增加空氣濕度,保持枝葉清新鮮艷。冬天應用溫水澆灌,同時減少水量。其他季節(jié)保持中等水量即可,切忌出現(xiàn)盆土干燥的現(xiàn)象。如果室內(nèi)空氣較干燥,可將植株置于玻璃景箱中培養(yǎng),還可使用小型加濕器。經(jīng)常用海綿蘸溫水擦拭葉面亦能增加觀賞效果。幼苗每20天左右施中量肥一次,老株較好每7~10天施肥一次。生長期的施肥不可忽視,也可采用長效片肥。夏季生長量大時需多施氮肥,在溫度低于15℃以下可不施肥。變?nèi)~木忌寒冷,冬季室溫如在6℃以下,極易發(fā)生凍害。盡量避免溫度劇變,夏季置于通風良好處,保持恒定的溫度。每兩年翻盆換土一次,盆土用普通草炭土加1/4松針土為好,如再加少量細碎的粘土更有利于根系生長;ㄅ钁x用排水良好的泥瓦盆。變?nèi)~木易受介殼蟲、紅蜘蛛等害蟲危害,可噴40%氧化樂果1000--1500倍液防治。根據(jù)變?nèi)~木的葉形變化,園藝品種可分為廣葉系、飛葉系、長葉系、有角系等。目前一般栽培的絕大部分是由雜交育種而成的園藝品種,約有120個品種。有下列幾種變型:長葉變?nèi)~木、復葉變?nèi)~木、角葉變?nèi)~木、螺旋葉變?nèi)~木、戟葉變?nèi)~木、闊葉變?nèi)~木、細葉變?nèi)~木。 [詳情]

  • 無公害大姜生產(chǎn)技術操作規(guī)程發(fā)布時間:2010-08-22

    1生產(chǎn)技術措施1.1品種選擇選用抗病、優(yōu)質(zhì)豐產(chǎn)、抗逆性強、商品性好的品種。要求姜種姜塊肥大、豐滿、皮色光亮、肉質(zhì)新鮮不干縮、不腐爛、未受凍、質(zhì)地硬、無病蟲。1.2種子處理曬姜困姜:播種前,選晴天,將精選好的姜種放在陽光充足的地上晾曬,晚上收進屋內(nèi),曬姜困姜2-3天。催芽:將精選、曬困后姜種,置于22-25℃條件下催芽,待姜芽生長至0.5-1厘米時,按姜芽大小分批播種。1.3整地施肥大姜全生育期對氮(N)、磷(P2O5)、鉀(K2O)的吸收比例為11:1:16。施肥時應根據(jù)大姜需肥規(guī)律、土壤總養(yǎng)分和肥料效應,通過土壤測試,確定相應的施肥量和施肥方法。按照有機與無機、基肥與追肥相結(jié)合的原則。實行平衡施肥。一般每667平方米(1畝,下同)優(yōu)質(zhì)有機肥施用量不低于5000千克。磷肥基施,結(jié)合耕翻整地與耕層充分混勻,適當補充鈣、鐵等中、微量元素。1.4播種播種時間:根據(jù)氣象條件和保護設施,確定適宜的播種期。大姜一般采用春播,10厘米地溫穩(wěn)定在15℃以上即可播種。播種方法:播種方法有平播法和豎播法兩種。平播時,將種塊水平放在溝內(nèi),使幼芽方向保持一致;豎播時,種芽一律向上播種。播后覆土4-5厘米厚。播種密度:一般每667平方米種植5500株左右,每667平方米用種量400-500千克。1.5田間管理中耕除草:出苗后,地溫尚低可結(jié)合澆水,中耕1-2次,并及時清除雜草。進入旺盛生長期,植株逐漸封壟,雜草發(fā)生量減少,根莖膨大速度加快,根系增多,應減少中耕次數(shù),中耕宜淺不宜太深,以免傷根。肥水管理:播種后,澆足底水,保證苗齊苗壯。幼苗期保持供水均勻,不可忽干忽濕,以免植株生長不良,新生葉片不能正常伸展而呈扭曲狀態(tài)。進入生長盛期,需水量多,保持土壤相對濕度75%-80%。收獲前3天澆較后一次水。6月中旬至9月中旬,結(jié)合澆水,追肥2-3次,每一次每667平方米施尿素25千克,此后每667平方米施三元復合肥30-40千克。1.6病蟲害防治1.6.1病蟲害防治原則以防為主,綜合防治。優(yōu)先采用農(nóng)業(yè)防治、物理防治、生產(chǎn)防治,配合科學合理使用化學防治,達到生產(chǎn)安全優(yōu)質(zhì)無危害大姜的目的。不應使用國家禁止的高毒、高殘留、高生物富集性、高三致農(nóng)藥及其混配農(nóng)藥。1.6.2農(nóng)業(yè)防治1.6.2.1選用健康無病的姜種。1.6.2.2合理布局,實行輪作倒茬,加強中耕除草,清潔田園,降低病蟲源數(shù)量。1.6.2.3種子消毒。用72%農(nóng)用鏈霉素可溶性粉劑4000倍液或新植霉素4000-5000倍液浸種。1.6.3藥劑防治1.6.3.1防治炭疽病可選用80%的炭疽福美可濕性粉劑800倍液噴霧。1.6.3.2防治病毒病可選用20%病毒A可濕性粉劑600倍液,或1.5%植病靈乳油1000-1500倍液噴霧。1.6.3.3防治姜螟可用52.25%農(nóng)地樂乳油,或4.5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油1500-2000倍液噴霧,或1.8%阿維蟲清1500倍液噴霧。1.6.3.4防治小地老虎用糖、醋、白酒、水和90%的敵百蟲晶體按6:3:1:10:1調(diào)勻,撒于田間誘殺成蟲;或?qū)⒊聪愕柠滬熁蚨癸?千克,配以90%敵百蟲晶體200克,加水濕,撒于田間誘殺幼蟲。2收獲姜不耐寒,通常于10月中、下旬初霜到來這前收獲。收獲前3-4天澆水。收后自莖稈基部削去地上莖(保留2-3厘米莖茬),不需進行晾曬。3產(chǎn)品的標志、包裝、運輸及貯藏3.1包裝物上應標明無危害農(nóng)產(chǎn)品標志、產(chǎn)品名稱、產(chǎn)品的標準編號、生產(chǎn)者名稱、產(chǎn)地、規(guī)格、凈含量和包裝日期等。3.2包裝(箱、筐)要求大小一致、牢固。包裝容器應保持干燥、清潔、無污染。塑料箱應符合相關標準要求。3.3應按同一品種、同規(guī)格分別包裝。每批產(chǎn)品包裝規(guī)格、單位、質(zhì)量應一致。每件包裝的凈含量不得超過20千克,誤差不超過2%。3.4大姜收獲后應就地修整,及時包裝、運輸。運輸時做到輕裝、輕卸、嚴防機械損傷。運輸工具要清潔、無污染。運輸中要注意防凍、防曬、防雨淋和通風換氣。3.5貯存應在陰涼、通風、清潔、衛(wèi)生的條件下,按品種、規(guī)格分別貯藏,防日曬、雨淋、凍害、病蟲害危害、機械損傷及有毒物質(zhì)的污染。利用井窖貯藏大姜,適宜的貯藏溫度11-13℃,空氣相對濕度為90%。中國農(nóng)業(yè)網(wǎng)編輯 (記者 佚名) [詳情]

  • 野山人參庭院(缸池花盆)栽培技術 PanaxginsengC.A.發(fā)布時間:2011-05-24

    野山人參是東北特產(chǎn)三寶之首,珍貴藥材之王。為五加科人參屬植物,又稱鬼羞、地精、神草、玉精等!渡褶r(nóng)草本經(jīng)》、《本草綱目》記載,人參具有補五臟、安精神、通血脈、開心益智、大補元氣,久服有延年益壽等功效。現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學研究證明,人參對心血管疾病、糖尿病、消化系統(tǒng)疾病、神經(jīng)衰弱都有較好療效,并可以增強人體免疫力,輔助治療癌癥。因此,人參被譽為中草藥中的上品,在國內(nèi)外市場上享有盛譽。 由于長期過度采挖,山參資源越來越少,瀕臨枯竭,遠遠滿足不了國內(nèi)外市場的需求。目前,每支15克以上的山參,每克售價150元以上,是普通園參的幾十倍甚至幾百倍。因此,大力開展人工培育野山參,不僅可以保護野生資源,而且可以提高經(jīng)濟效益和社會效益。同時也是一項投資少、效益高,農(nóng)民群眾致富的新興產(chǎn)業(yè)。 人工培育山參,有悠久的歷史,規(guī);l(fā)展始于八十年代初。人工培育山參不僅使廣大農(nóng)民走上了致富之路,改變了傳統(tǒng)毀林種參模式,節(jié)省了大量林地資源;而且有利于加強森林和生態(tài)環(huán)境保護,實現(xiàn)人參產(chǎn)業(yè)的綠色革命。當前,人工培育山參的熱潮在我國東北三省部分地區(qū)悄然興起。 野山人參有以下幾個品種: 1、純山參:是指野山參的種子自然落地,自然發(fā)芽生長的人參。在整個生長發(fā)育過程中不移動,又不經(jīng)過任何人工管理,稱為純山參。生長百年以上或重200克以上稱為老山參;重量在50克以上的稱為大山參;重量不足50克稱為捻子。 2、移山參:將采挖的純山參苗重新移栽山林中,任其自然生長,若干年后挖出 ,這種參叫移山參,也叫“趴貨”。 3、缸(池)山參:是將山參籽(苗),播種、移栽于缸(池)內(nèi),人為創(chuàng)造山參生長環(huán)境,不施肥、不用農(nóng)藥,使其自然生長。此栽種方法,適應于各種場地、家庭院內(nèi)。容易管理,成活率高,不受自然災害影響,可人為控制土壤濕度、光照、病蟲鼠害等。 植物學特征 人參株高約60厘米,掌狀復葉輪生,葉披針形或橢圓形,邊緣有淺鋸齒,直根肥大肉質(zhì),下部有分枝,主根頂端著生根莖,每年增生一節(jié),秋季地上部枯萎,在根莖上留下盤 狀莖痕,俗稱“蘆碗”,根莖上著生數(shù)條不定根,熟稱“門丁”花生于莖頂;ū晃迤,黃綠色,雄蕊5枚,雌蕊1枚,子房下位,成熟漿果鮮紅色,種子扁圓形。 生物學特征 一、生長發(fā)育 我國東北主產(chǎn)區(qū)人參5月出苗,6月開花結(jié)果,7、8月種子成熟,10月枯萎,全生育期130—150天。人參從播種到收獲一般需6年以上,地上部基本是一年增加一片復葉,復葉一年生由3小葉組成(熟稱三花),地下部根的生長逐年增大。人參三年開始產(chǎn)籽,以后逐年增多,但留籽影響產(chǎn)量。因此,多在第4或第5年留籽1次。 二、對環(huán)境的要求 人參為陰性植物,對光的要求比較嚴格,人參光的補償點約400勒克司。光照由400勒克司增加到10000勒克司,其光合速率似直線上升。人參生育的較適光強隨經(jīng)緯度和氣溫而變,緯度高氣溫低所須光強大,反之則小,高緯度氣溫地區(qū)為7000—22000勒克司,溫度較高的低緯度地區(qū)為7000—10000勒克司。人參喜冷涼氣候,在亞熱帶低緯度高海拔山區(qū),如廣西、福建、云南、山東等地都已引種栽培成功。人參既不耐旱又不耐澇,土壤含水量在30%為好。因此,掌握好水分、潮濕度極為重要。 三、生產(chǎn)條件 1、種植場地的條件不限。 2、光線要求有早晚斜射光即可。 3、土質(zhì)要求微酸性PH6.5的腐植土或山皮土。 4、使用大號泥缸(上口直徑70cm、高70cm)或用新磚砌池(高80cm、寬120cm、長可根據(jù)庭院面積而定)。 四、播種 1、選種:因野山人參的經(jīng)濟價值極高,生長周期長,抗病能力強,成活率高。所以,必需使用野山人參籽、苗。 2、種子處理、:野山人參播種必需用人工催芽處理,翌年春種子幼根長出后即可播種(亦可夏秋準備好缸、池封凍前播種、移栽)。 3、播種量:每缸播籽60—70粒,每池(平方米)播籽160—170粒,每年間苗1次,三年定苗,每缸定苗20棵,每池(平方米)定苗35棵。將人工處理后的種子,按間距3×4cm擺放于準備好的缸、池中,應擺放整齊,用過篩的腐植土蓋上3cm厚。 4、參苗移栽:移栽與播種方式不同。二、三年生參苗移栽方法:將準備好的缸(池)在裝土的過程中,邊栽邊裝土?勺灾乒ぞ,用鐵絲或鋼筋按缸口做一直徑70cm圓圈,圈內(nèi)用橫、豎各綁五條鐵絲,間距以中間向外每條之間距離為10cm,每個交叉點拴一根線繩,線繩的另一頭輕輕地拴在參頭上,拴參時要輕,防止折斷參脖,線繩應系活扣,參頭與鐵圈之間線繩距離為12cm左右。然后,將鐵圈與拴好的參放置缸上,使根須自然伸開,用過篩的腐植土均勻地將參埋上2/3后,將拴參的繩扣輕輕解開,拿掉鐵圈,把剩余部分用土蓋平,再加土2cm,輕輕壓實,用樹葉蓋上即可。五、成品 播籽須6—7年、移栽3—5年即出成品參,8月中旬即可起參。鮮人參可用青苔、草皮等保濕物包好,防止風干。干品,按參長做包裝盒進行包裝。 六、成本 以缸為例:大號泥缸 +籽(苗)+沙土+其他材料=缸山參的成本。 1、泥缸:30元/個。 2、參籽:70粒/缸=25元(10000粒/斤=5000元,0.5元/粒)。 3、參苗:2年參苗8元/株,20株/缸=160元。 4、沙土:5元/缸。 播籽:六年費用=35元(籽)+30元(缸)+5元(土)=70元。 移栽:五年費用=160元(參苗)+30元(缸)+5元(土)=195元 七、效益 按目前市場較低價格,效益=300元/株×20株/每缸=6000元。 八、價值 野山人參是無價之寶。目前,6—7年鮮山參價格:300—500元以上/棵,干品價格:800元以上/盒。12—15年山參價格已達千元以上/棵。98年,林下參:小貨1.6萬元/公斤,中貨:(2.5錢以上/棵)3萬元/公斤。 九、管理 管理方面很重要,掌握好潮濕度、光照、水分可根據(jù)季節(jié)、生長期人為調(diào)節(jié)。 應注意以下問題: 1、光照:搭棚,高2-2.5米,長、寬可根據(jù)栽培面積而定。上面覆蓋一層塑料膜、一層遮陽網(wǎng)。防止陽光、雨水進入。春秋季用一層遮陽網(wǎng),夏季需用兩層遮陽網(wǎng)。冬季應取下遮陽網(wǎng),將四周的塑料膜放下?lián)鯂涝蕉。將缸(池)上面裝滿樹葉,四周用草擋好。如有條件,可在缸(池)上和周圍再扣一層塑料膜。越冬措施要得當。 2、水分:用噴壺澆水,土壤含水量控制在30%左右。水溫應與缸(池)內(nèi)土的溫度接近,澆水時間以早、晚為宜。春、秋季每周澆水2—3次,夏季、霉雨季節(jié)應控制水分,地面應經(jīng)常保持潮濕。10月份以后停止?jié)菜K獰o污染的江、河水,深井水。自來水要置放2—3天后再用。 3、加土:播種、移栽后,每年秋參秧枯萎后加土2cm。 樹葉:春天參苗欲發(fā)芽時將覆蓋在缸池上的樹葉摟出,剩余適量碎樹葉即可,冬季用樹葉將缸池蓋上。 4、摘蕾:人參三年生開始產(chǎn)籽,但數(shù)量少。四年生以后產(chǎn)籽量增多,一般四、五年生留籽1次,其它年生均于6月初開花前將花蕾摘掉,使營養(yǎng)集中可提高根產(chǎn)量和質(zhì)量。 5、病蟲害的防治:山參種植過程,應不施肥、不用農(nóng)藥,或盡量少用,如必要時應選用低農(nóng)殘、無危害農(nóng)藥(包括土壤消毒),絕對禁止使用五氯硝基苯、六六六等高殘留農(nóng)藥。要經(jīng)常滅鼠,防止老鼠進入缸池吃參。 敬告: 1、生產(chǎn)過程應科學管理,認真操作。如發(fā)現(xiàn)病蟲害或其他問題,應及時與我研究所聯(lián)系,以免造成不必要的損失。 2、此項目由我單位提供種苗及栽培技術,非我單位提供的種苗及栽培技術,我單位不負責技術指導及產(chǎn)品回收。 3、注意做好防盜工作。Open country hermit enter the courtyard (Vat 、Pool 、Flowerpot )Grow technique PanaxginsengC.A.Mey Introduction The open country hermit enter are the speciality threes precious things in northeast ,Valuable crude drugs monarchs 。The slender acanthopanax belongs the flora in the interest of passing a sentence the ginseng ,But calling the spirit feels ashamed 、The earth is picked 、Deity straw 、The jade is picked and so on !禩he Holy Farmer herbaceous warp 》、《Herbal detailed outline 》Account ,That the ginseng has patchs the five internal organs 、Calm essence 、Go to blood vessels 、Amusing self at other’s expense increases intelligence 、Great complement gas ,Is convinced by to possess long to promise longevity and so on the effect 。Contemporary medical service is researcied the proof ,The disease is rund to painstaking effort by the ginseng 、Diabetes 、Digestive system disease 、The neurasthenia wholly possess the better curative effect ,Moreover human body immune ability may be heightened ,Supplementarily treat the carcinoma 。Hence ,Top grade in the Chinese herbal medicine of ginseng by praise ,Enjoy high reputation at home and abroad on the marketplace 。 Since over a long period of time over digging ,The resources are entered in the mountain and are more and more littleer ,Be close to exhaustedly ,Not meet the demand in home and abroad marketplace far away 。At the moment ,The mountain over per 15 grams is entered ,Each gram price is over 150 yuan ,They are even to the extent that some hundredfolds of dozens -fold that enters in the ordinary garden 。Hence ,Launching artifically breeing vigorously , enters on the open country mountain ,Not merely may safeguard the uncultivated resources ,But also economic results and the community beneficial result may be liftd 。The at the same time also is that an investment is little 、Beneficial result is high ,The peasantry masses became rich the burgeoning property 。 Enters on artifical the breeing mountain ,There is age-old history ,The scale development starts to the 80’s start 。Artifical the breeing mountain enters not merely to cause wide peasantry goes becomes rich the route ,Revising the tradition ruins the seed of forest and enters the pattern ,Save a great quantity of woodland resources ;But also be favour of strengthening forest and the ecology environmental protection ,Achieve the ginseng property Green Revolution 。Present ,The upsurge that enters on artifical the breeing mountain is living , and saves the part of area and worriedly springs up in our country northeast three 。 Open country hermit enters possess below several straiies : 1、Enters on the unmixed mountain :Is that the seed that enters on the open country mountain falls to the ground certainly ,Growth ginseng germinates certainly 。Being living , the entire growth is not removed in the development process ,But not after whatever artificial intelligence ,Being called the unmixed mountain is entered 。The growth a century over either being called the Laoshan Mountain over weighty 200 grams is entered ;The weight is living , and being called great mountain over 50 grams enters ;Weight is less than and 50 be able to be called the wick 。 2、Moving the mountain is entered :The unmixed mountain which shall be dig is entered the seedling to transplant once more in the wooded mountain ,Grow let nature take its course ,Dig several years afterwards ,This kind is entered to greet to move the mountain to enter ,Also greet “Lie prone by commodity ”。 3、Vat (Pool )Mountain is entered :Is entering the seed by the mountain (Seedling ),Seed 、Transplant to the vat (Pool )It is inside ,Artificially producing the mountain enters the growth environment ,Don’t not apply fertilizer 、Disuse farm chemical ,Cause such natural growth 。This grow the means ,Adapt to to the different spaces 、Inner place the home courtyard 。Convenient administration ,Survival rate is high ,Not accept the natural calamity effect ,Suit act as control soil humidity 、Illumination 、The illness worm damage caused by rats awaits 。 Botany feature Ginseng 60 centimetres of Gao Yue ,Palm shape compound leaf verticillate ,Ye Pizhen form either oval ,There is the easy serration in the fringe ,The taproot corpulents the flesh character ,There is the branching in the lower part ,The stalk is strikeed root in taproot peak ,Each year one length of hyperplasia ,F(xiàn)all the upper part withers ,Being living on the rootstock leaves to wind the shape stalk mark ,Convention is called “Reed bowl ”,On the rootstock bears a few adventitious roots ,Ripely call “Gatekepper ”The peanut is to the stalk peak 。The floral envelop is 5 ,Yellow green ,The stamen is 5 ,The pistil is 1 ,Ovary lower ,Scarlet colour of ageing berry ,Seed oblate form 。 Biology feature one 、Growth development The ginseng in our country northeast master producing area is comed out in May ,6Moon is yielded positive results ,7、8The moon seed becomes mature ,10Moon is withered ,Time of infertility 130 —150My god 。The ginseng oridinarily requires over 6 years through seeding up the harvest ,The upper part is ading a compound leaf in 1 year essentially ,The compound leaf annually consists of 3 leaflet (Ripely call three blossoms ),The lower part piece the growth broadens year by year 。The ginseng start yieling the seed in 3 years ,Grow in number year by year afterwards ,Yet remain the seed effect yield 。Hence ,Being living the 4th either remained the seed 1 time in 5th year more 。 Two 、To the environment demand The ginseng is the negative flora ,The demand focussing a camera comparatively rigorously enforce ,Brief 400 meter-candles of ginseng light compensation spot 。The illumination adds up 10000 meter-candles through 400 meter-candles ,Such light shuts the rate as if right line moving upward 。The suitableeest light that the ginseng is born powerfully changes into with latitude and longitude and air temperature ,The tall air temperature of latitude lets drop the bureau have to be glossy powerful ,On the contrary it is piece little ,The high latitudes air temperature area is 7000 —22000Meter-candle ,The higher low latitudes area of temperature is 7000 —10000Meter-candle 。That the cold air awaits is cooled that to the ginseng occasion for celebration ,Tall height above sea level mountain area of the subtropics low latitudes being living ,In case Guangxi 、Fujian 、Yunnan 、Thes earth such as Shandong and so on have wholly been introduced a fine variety and had been growed successfully 。The ginseng is not only drought-enduring but also it is waterlogging not to endure ,The earth water content is living 30% in the interest of well 。Hence ,Master good water content 、Damp degree is extremely significant 。 Three 、Production specification 1、Growing the term in space does not limit 。 2、Morning and evening cast oblique rays on light is requireed passablely by the ray in immediate future 。 3、The toil texture requires the corruption of tiny acidity PH6.5 to grow earth either mountain Pi Tu 。 4、Employ the bass horn mire vat (Diameter 70cm is suitable for reading 、Tall 70cm )Either emploing the fresh brick cuts the pool (Tall 80cm 、Broad 120cm 、The length may be on the basis of the courtyard area but is fixd )。 Four 、Seed 1、Seed selection :Economic value as a result of open country hermit entering is exceedingly tall ,The growth cycle elder ,The disease-resistant capability is powerful ,Survival rate is high 。Therefore ,The open country hermit of indispensable use enter the seed 、Seedling 。 2、Seed handle 、:It is indispensable in the way of the artifical germination handle that open country hermit enter to seed ,In immediate future next year spring seed young root is develop queen to seed (Yet Xia Qiu getss ready the good vat too 、The pool is seed before freezing 、Transplant )。 3、Amount seeding :Each vat is seeded the seed 60 —70Granule ,Each pool (Square meter )Seed the seed 160 —170Granule ,The each year thins out seedings 1 time ,F(xiàn)inal singling of 3 years ,Each 20 of final singling in the vat ,Each pool (Square meter )The final singling is 35 。By the seed of artifical handle queen ,According to clearance 3 ×4The Cm places to the vat that the ready is good 、Chi Zhong ,Ought to place NEATly ,Earth is growed to the corruption in the way of sifts out , and to top 3cm thick 。 4、Entering the seedling transplants :Transplant against seeds the means difference 。Two 、The student of 3 years is entered that the seedling transplants the means :The good vat shall be getd ready (Pool )Be living to pack in the earth process ,Pack earth along growing 。The means may be maked by self ,Act diameter 70cm’s ring in the way of iron wire either reinforcing bar according to the vat rim ,Employ fiercely inner place the ring 、Erectting respectively ties five iron wires ,With outside the direction of middle the distance is 10cm to clearance between per ,A cotton rope is fastend in every one intersection ,Another is fastend to be living gently entering on the head cotton rope ,F(xiàn)asten to ask for when entering softly ,Guarding against that the book from snaping enters the neck ,The cotton rope ought to be fastend the slipknot ,Entering between head together with the iron ring cotton rope distance is masterred in the interest of 12cm 。Afterwards ,Shall that to encircle against fastens good enter to lay up on the vat by iron ,Causing piece have to stretch out certainly ,That the earth evenly shall enter to cover up 2/3 queen is growed that to the corruption in the way of sifts out ,Shall fasten the cord entering buckle and undo gently ,Takeing iron encircles ,The section is toped levelly in the way of earth the remainder ,Beside earth 2cm ,Be getting near gently the factor ,In immediate future top passablely in the way of the leaf 。 Five 、Finished product Seeding the seed have to 6 —7Year 、Transplant 3 —5In immediate future the year comees out the finished product to enter ,8The moon middle ten days of a month in immediate future may get up to enter 。Usable moss of tasty ginseng 、The trurf awaits that it is good to defend the damp matter package ,Guard against air-dry 。Trunk product ,According to enters to develop does package the case to package 。 Six 、Cost Takes the vat as the instance :Bass horn mire vat + seed (Seedling )+Sandy soil + else cost that enters on the stuff = vat mountain 。 1、Mire vat :30Unit / 。 2、Enter in seed :70Granule / vat = 25 yuan ( 10000 / jin = 5000 yuan ,0.5Unit /’s granule ) 。 3、Enter seedling :2Year enters seedling 8 yuan of /s stem ,20Stem / vat = 160 yuan 。 4、Sandy soil :5Unit /’s vat 。 Seed seed :Expense = 35 of 6 years yuan (Seed )+30Unit (Vat )+5Unit (Earth )=70Unit 。 Transplant :Expense = 160 of 5 years yuan (Enter seedling )+30Unit (Vat )+5Unit (Earth )=195Unit Seven 、Beneficial result According to the marketplace bottom price at the moment ,Yuan /s of beneficial result = 300 stem ×20Stem each vat = 6000 of / yuan 。 Eight 、Value It is the an invaluable asset that open country hermit enter 。At the moment ,6—7Year the tasty mountain enters price :300—500Over the unit / ,Trunk product price :800/’s case over the unit 。12—15Year the mountain enters price to have attained over thousand yuan the / 。98Year ,Retirement from official life is entered :Little commodity 1.6 ten thousand yuan of /’s official business jin ,Middle commodity :(2.5Over the money / )3Ten thousand yuan of /’s official business jins 。 Nine 、Administration The administration respect is very significant ,Master well damp degree 、Illumination 、Water content may on the basis of season 、Growing period man in the interest of regulates 。 The below problem ought to be pay attention to : 1、Illumination :Build awning ,Tall 2-2.5’s rice ,Elder 、Broadly may fix on the basis of growing the area 。Top cover one tier of plastic material membrane 、One tier of sunshade net 。Guard against sunlight 、Rainfall gos into 。Spring and autumn season is in the way of one tier of sunshade net ,Summer season need employ two tiers of sunshade net 。Winter ought to take off the sunshade net ,Shall around the plastic material membranes lay down the blind and tightly live through the winter 。By vat (Pool )Top pack the packed leaf ,Employ that the straw wards off well around 。In case there being the term ,The vat may be living (Pool )Up and the vicinity takes into custody one tier of plastic material membrane again 。The step lived through the winter is finely serveed as 。 2、Water content :Irrigate in the way of the sprinkling can ,The earth water content is dominateeed 30% left and right sides being living 。Water Wen Yingyu vat (Pool )The inside earth temperature is close to ,Irrigates time with early 、Late act as appropriately 。Spring 、Fall per circuit irrigates 2 —3Degree ,Summer season 、The summer rains season ought to dominate water content ,The surface of the earth ought to constantly maintain damp 。10The month ceases to irrigate afterwards 。The water will not there is not the pollution river 、Water in river ,Deep well water 。The tap water will be lay up 2 —3It is afterwards employd again 。 3、Plus earth :Seed 、Transplant queen ,Each year Qiu Canyang afterwards withering pluss earth 2cm 。 Leaf :Spring the leaf which shall be covered the vat pool on hugs out when entering Miao Yu to germinate ,In immediate future the fragmentary leaf of remainder appropriate amount passablely ,Winter in the way of the leaf by vat Chi Gai 。 4、Take off bud :The ginseng was born startting yieling the seed in 3 years ,Yet amount is little 。The amount yieling the seed is growd in number after 4 years the student ,Ordinary four 、The student of 5 years remains the seed 1 time ,All bore in else years to 6 months start before blooming takes off the bud ,Cause nourishment lumping may lift piece yield and a quality 。 5、Prevention and cure of plant diseases and insect pests :The mountain is entered to grow the process ,Ought to not apply fertilizer 、Disuse farm chemical ,Either a moment employ to the full ,In case when indispensable ought to choose low Nong Can 、Does not there is not the public hazard farm chemical (Consising of earth sterilizes ),Perfectly ban use five chlorine nitrobenzene 、The BHC is equal in heightly remain the farm chemical 。Constantly put out the rat ,Guard against the rat from going into the vat pool takeing entering 。 Beg to inform : 1、The production process ought to scientifically be administerd ,Earnest operation 。In case discovering plant diseases and insect pests either else problem ,Ought to without delay get in touch with against our research institute ,So as not to creating the dispensable loss 。 2、The technique is growed through our unit supplys kind Miao Ji to this item ,That non- our unit supplys growing Miao Ji grows the technique ,Our unit is not in charge of technical adviser and produce and recovers 。 3、Pay attention to acting the work well guarded against theft 。 Speciality technological research institute in Jilin Tong Hua Fit together [詳情]

  • 如何栽培芍藥?發(fā)布時間:2011-06-20

      問:如何栽培芍藥?   答:芍藥的栽植時間以9月下旬到10月上旬為宜,栽植地點宜選背風向陽、土層深厚、地勢高燥之處。栽植前要進行土壤深翻(深30厘米以上),并施入充分腐熟的有機肥、骨粉以及少量殺蟲藥劑,并覆上一薄層土,避免根直接與肥料接觸而造成爛根。   分栽時株叢不要太小,否則第二年不能開花。栽植深度以覆蓋芽以上3厘米-4厘米為宜,過淺易受凍害,過深則不易萌發(fā)。栽后澆一次透水。次日傍晚進行淺中耕,使土壤通氣良好。冬季嚴寒地區(qū)入冬后在栽植穴上培土約20厘米-25厘米厚,以利安全越冬。   第二年春季土壤解凍后,及時將培土扒掉。新芽萌發(fā)時即時施肥澆水,并進行中耕除草。當新芽長到10厘米左右時,要進行剝芽,去掉過密、細弱的芽。留芽過多,花開得小。以后隨著芽的長高,展葉,開始現(xiàn)蕾,到4月上旬,蕾有櫻桃大小時,要及時疏去側(cè)蕾,使養(yǎng)分集中供應主蕾發(fā)育生長,這樣開花肥碩豐滿,花大色艷。對莖稈細弱的品種要立支柱,以防倒伏。 [詳情]

  • 珍珠梅的繁殖方法發(fā)布時間:2011-08-17

    珍珠梅是叢生的落葉花灌木,花小而白,如珍珠一樣。常用分株法進行繁殖。 ①繁殖時間。在春季和秋季都可以。 ②母株選擇。選擇生長發(fā)育健壯、沒有病蟲害,并且分薛多的植株作為母株。 ③具體操作。將母株掘起,用刀在根基部均勻分成幾叢后分別種植。 ④分株后的養(yǎng)護。分株后澆足水,并將植株移入稍蔭蔽處,一周后逐漸放在陽光下進行正常的養(yǎng)護。 ⑤注意點。天氣干旱時要及時澆水,保持土壤的濕潤,入冬前澆1次防凍水;開花后及時剪除花枝,入冬前要剪除病蟲枝和老弱枝;新栽植株前要施足基肥,以后隔2~3年施肥1次。 大批量繁殖苗木時可采用播種法。 種子干藏,翌年春播。因種子細小,操作需精細,覆土以看不見種子為度。播后蓋膜,疏蔭,保溫保濕。出苗后仍需疏蔭養(yǎng)護。幼苗生長緩慢,不耐水澇和干旱。除此之外,珍珠梅也可采用扦插繁殖。 (記者 佚名) 珍珠梅是叢生的落葉花灌木,花小而白,如珍珠一樣。常用分株法進行繁殖。 ①繁殖時間。在春季和秋季都可以。 ②母株選擇。選擇生長發(fā)育健壯、沒有病蟲害,并且分薛多的植株作為母株。 ③具體操作。將母株掘起,用刀在根基部均勻分成幾叢后分別種植。 ④分株后的養(yǎng)護。分株后澆足水,并將植株移入稍蔭蔽處,一周后逐漸放在陽光下進行正常的養(yǎng)護。 ⑤注意點。天氣干旱時要及時澆水,保持土壤的濕潤,入冬前澆1次防凍水;開花后及時剪除花枝,入冬前要剪除病蟲枝和老弱枝;新栽植株前要施足基肥,以后隔2~3年施肥1次。大批量繁殖苗木時可采用播種法。 種子干藏,翌年春播。因種子細小,操作需精細,覆土以看不見種子為度。播后蓋膜,疏蔭,保溫保濕。出苗后仍需疏蔭養(yǎng)護。幼苗生長緩慢,不耐水澇和干旱。除此之外,珍珠梅也可采用扦插繁殖。 [詳情]

  • 日光溫室冬春茬黃瓜栽培技術要點發(fā)布時間:2011-09-11

    一、品種選擇以密刺系統(tǒng)為主,如目前種植較多的津春3號,津優(yōu)2號、3號、津綠3號、新世紀、津雜2號、4號等。二、育苗及苗床管理日光溫室冬春茬黃瓜的育苗時間一般為10月下旬至11月上旬。該茬黃瓜必須使用嫁接苗,砧木一般為黑籽南瓜。1、苗床準備黃瓜和黑籽南瓜苗床設在溫室內(nèi),床土可加30%左右的腐熟有機肥并過篩備用。苗床面積一般為2.5—3平方米。2、浸種催芽播種前先將種子放入到55—60℃的熱水中浸,并不斷攪動,待水溫降25—30℃時浸泡4—6小時,黑籽南瓜要適當長些。待種子吸水充分后,再撈出放在25℃—30℃條件下催芽。3、播種及苗床管理黃瓜播種應選擇晴天上午,黃瓜的播種時間比南瓜早4天左右,此時溫度高,出苗快且整齊。播種時應做到均勻一致,播前澆足底水。覆土不能太厚也不能太薄,太厚時種子出土困難,太薄種子又容易帶帽出土。黃瓜的覆土厚度掌握在1—1.5厘米,黑籽南瓜掌握在2—2.5厘米左右。播種后立即用地膜覆蓋苗床,增溫保墑,為種子萌發(fā)創(chuàng)造良好的溫濕條件。播種后要保證較高的溫度,一般控制在25℃—30℃之間,出苗后溫度可適當降低,以防止幼苗過于徒長。幼苗出土后到嫁接前間隔4—5天噴灑50%甲基托布津可濕性粉劑500倍,50%多菌靈可濕性粉劑500倍噴灑。三、嫁接及嫁接苗的管理目前生產(chǎn)上應用較多的方法為靠接,該法嫁接成活率高,群眾易掌握。嫁接前準備好足夠的營養(yǎng)土。當砧木較好片真葉半展開,黃瓜苗剛現(xiàn)真葉時為嫁接適期。把黃瓜苗和南瓜苗起出,切除南瓜生長點,在離子葉節(jié)5—10毫米處的胚軸上,按350—400角自上而下斜切1刀,切口深度為莖粗的1/2,在接穗子葉下12—15毫米處,按300角自下而上斜切1刀,切口深度為莖粗的2/3。然后接穗舌形楔插入砧木的切口里,使黃瓜的葉壓在南瓜子葉的上面,黃瓜苗在里,南瓜苗在外夾好嫁接夾即可。接后立即將嫁接苗栽入營養(yǎng)缽內(nèi)并澆透水。嫁接后1—2天是愈傷組織形成期,是成活的關鍵時期。一定要保證小拱棚內(nèi)濕度達95%以上,前兩天應全遮光。第三天可在早晚適當見弱光。接后4—10天這段時間光照要逐漸加強,只在中午強光時適當遮蔭。同時通風時間從1小時逐漸增加,7—10天可全天通風。接后10—15天把黃瓜下胚軸割斷,割斷后要靈活掌握苗情變化,調(diào)節(jié)好光照和溫度,提高成活率。四、定植定植前先按大行距80厘米,小行距50厘米,進行整地做壟。黃瓜定植,應選擇寒尾暖頭的天氣進行,定植時應有較高的地溫。定植時株距35厘米,澆好定植水,水下溶后封土,并平整壟面以利于覆膜。五、定植后的管理1、緩苗期。定植后應密閉保溫,盡量提高室內(nèi)溫、濕度,促進新根生長,以利于緩苗。一般白天以25℃—28℃,夜間以13℃—15℃為宜。2、初花期。緩苗期尚未結(jié)束,仍按幼苗期管理,以促根控秧為中心。在管理上應適當加大晝夜溫差。以增加養(yǎng)分積累,白天超過30℃從頂部通風,午后降到20℃閉風,一般室溫降到15℃時放草苫。3、結(jié)果期。結(jié)果期溫度仍實行變溫管理,由于這一時期日照時數(shù)逐漸增加,光照由弱轉(zhuǎn)強,室溫可適當提高,白天保持25—28℃,夜間15℃—17℃,在生育后期應加強通風,避免室溫過高。此期大量結(jié)瓜。植株養(yǎng)分消耗多,必須加強水肥管理。每次結(jié)合澆水隨水沖施復合肥15—20公斤。六、病蟲害防治黃瓜的病害主要有三種類型,即真菌、細菌及病毒。在保護地高溫、高濕條件下,非常有利于病害的發(fā)生與漫延。生產(chǎn)上防治病害除了選用抗病品種外,在管理上覆蓋地膜,采取膜下灌以降低棚內(nèi)濕度,創(chuàng)造一個不利于病害發(fā)生發(fā)展的環(huán)境條件,以減輕病害的發(fā)生與發(fā)展。晴天采用噴霧法,陰天及低溫季節(jié)可以采用施用煙霧劑和粉塵劑提高防治效果。另外,應注意不同類型農(nóng)藥交替使用,以提高藥效和延緩病蟲抗藥性的產(chǎn)生。日光溫室冬春茬黃瓜的蟲害產(chǎn)要是溫室白粉虱和美洲斑潛蠅。在白粉虱發(fā)生初期和密度較低時可用10%吡蟲啉可濕性粉劑1000—1500倍液或25%撲虱靈可濕性性粉劑1000—1500倍液進行防治。另外也可用22%敵敵畏煙劑667平方米0.5公斤,于傍晚收工前密閉熏煙。對美洲斑潛蠅的防治上,除了強化檢疫監(jiān)管,防止該蟲擴大蔓延,在藥劑防治時,掌握在幼蟲2齡前噴48%樂斯本乳油800—1000倍或卡死蟲乳油2000倍液防治。 (記者 佚名) [詳情]

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